# 0x0F. Python – Object-relational mapping

## Learning Objectives
* Why Python programming is awesome
* How to connect to a MySQL database from a Python script
* How to SELECT rows in a MySQL table from a Python script
* How to INSERT rows in a MySQL table from a Python script
* What ORM means
* How to map a Python Class to a MySQL table
* How to create a Python Virtual Environment

## Requirements
* Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
* All your files will be interpreted/compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using python3 (version 3.8.5)
* Your files will be executed with MySQLdb version 2.0.x
* Your files will be executed with SQLAlchemy version 1.4.x
* All your files should end with a new line
* The first line of all your files should be exactly #!/usr/bin/python3
* A README.md file, at the root of the folder of the project, is mandatory
* Your code should use the pycodestyle (version 2.8.*)
* All your files must be executable
* The length of your files will be tested using wc
* All your modules should have a documentation (python3 -c ‘print(__import__( my_module ).__doc__)’)
* All your classes should have a documentation (python3 -c ‘print(__import__( my_module ).MyClass.__doc__)’)
* All your functions (inside and outside a class) should have a documentation (python3 -c ‘print(__import__( my_module ).my_function.__doc__)’ and python3 -c ‘print(__import__( my_module ).MyClass.my_function.__doc__)’)
* A documentation is not a simple word, it’s a real sentence explaining what’s the purpose of the module, class or method (the length of it will be verified)
* You are not allowed to use execute with sqlalchemy

## More Info
### Install MySQL 8.0 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
“`
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install mysql-server
…
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
“`
Connect to your MySQL server:
“`
$ sudo mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
“`
### Install MySQLdb module version 2.0.x
For installing MySQLdb, you need to have MySQL installed: How to install MySQL 8.0 in Ubuntu 20.04
“`
$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
$ sudo pip3 install mysqlclient
…
$ python3
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> MySQLdb.__version__
‘2.0.3’
“`
### Install SQLAlchemy module version 1.4.x
“`
$ sudo pip3 install SQLAlchemy
…
$ python3
>>> import sqlalchemy
>>> sqlalchemy.__version__
‘1.4.22’
“`
Also, you can have this warning message:
“`
/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py:552: Warning: (1681, ‘@@SESSION.GTID_EXECUTED’ is deprecated and will be re
moved in a future release. )
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
“`
You can ignore it.

## Tasks
### 0. Get all states
Write a script that lists all states from the database hbtn_0e_0_usa:
* Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username, mysql password and database name (no argument validation needed)
* You must use the module MySQLdb (import MySQLdb)
* Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
* Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
* Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
* Your code should not be executed when imported
“`
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql
— Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ( California ), ( Arizona ), ( Texas ), ( New York ), ( Nevada );

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql | mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./0-select_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa
(1, ‘California’)
(2, ‘Arizona’)
(3, ‘Texas’)
(4, ‘New York’)
(5, ‘Nevada’)
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$
“`
**Solution:** [0-select_states.py](https://github.com/essilfiequansah/alx-higher_level_programming/blob/master/0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping/0-select_states.py)

### 1. Filter states
Write a script that lists all states with a name starting with N (upper N) from the database hbtn_0e_0_usa:
* Your script should take 3 arguments: mysql username, mysql password and database name (no argument validation needed)
* You must use the module MySQLdb (import MySQLdb)
* Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
* Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
* Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
* Your code should not be executed when imported
“`
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql
— Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO states (name) VALUES ( California ), ( Arizona ), ( Texas ), ( New York ), ( Nevada );

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql | mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ ./1-filter_states.py root root hbtn_0e_0_usa
(4, ‘New York’)
(5, ‘Nevada’)
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$
“`
**Solution:** [1-filter_states.py](https://github.com/essilfiequansah/alx-higher_level_programming/blob/master/0x0F-python-object_relational_mapping/1-filter_states.py)

### 2. Filter states by user input
Write a script that takes in an argument and displays all values in the states table of hbtn_0e_0_usa where name matches the argument.
* Your script should take 4 arguments: mysql username, mysql password, database name and state name searched (no argument validation needed)
* You must use the module MySQLdb (import MySQLdb)
* Your script should connect to a MySQL server running on localhost at port 3306
* You must use format to create the SQL query with the user input
* Results must be sorted in ascending order by states.id
* Results must be displayed as they are in the example below
* Your code should not be executed when imported
“`
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x0F$ cat 0-select_states.sql
— Create states table in hbtn_0e_0_usa with some data
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hbtn_0e_0_usa;
USE hbtn_0e_0_usa;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS states (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询 极速赛车开奖结果记录查询